This Phd thesis is focused on the collection and interpretation of geographical references that relate to Thrace, its myths, deities, kings or culture, in the work of third century Alexandrian poets, such as Callimachus, Theocritus, Apollonius Rhodius, Posidippus and Phanocles. Our research methodology is firstly to collect and secondly to inscribe those references to their historical, cultural and political milieu, so that we interpret them with regard to the community of immigrant Greeks in Alexandria as well as the political agenda of those poets’ patrons, i.e. the Ptolemies. In the light of New Historicism, the critical approach according to which literature is one among other symbolic practices that both reflect and construct their culture, we highlight the fact that Thrace was deemed by the poetae novi of Alexandria to be a poetic symbol of anything barbaric, bombastic epic poetry of their time included. Respectively, we claim that the references to real and mythological geography of Thrace are intergraded in those Alexandrian poets’ broader poetical project to enhance the dynastic profile of their kings and queens and legitimize their presence in Thrace. Finally, we conclude that the Thracian coastline from Chalkidiki to Bithynia was part of a broader colonial network of cities that the Ptolemies aspired to establish in the basin of the eastern Mediterranean during the time that spans from the first to the third Syrian Wars that were conducted by the second and third Ptolemies.